interface, resource, and planning and control management. These implicit responsibilities are shown below: . Interface Management . Product interfaces —Performance of parts or subsections —Physical connection of parts or subsections . Project interfaces [1] Customer [1] Management (functional and upper-level) [1] Change of responsibilities [1] Information flow [1] Material interfaces (inventory control) [1] Resource Management [1] Time (schedule) [1] Manpower [1] Money [1] Facilities [1] Equipment [1] Material [1] Information/technology [1] Planning and Control Management [1] Increased equipment utilization [1] Increased performance efficiency [1] Reduced risks [1] Identification of alternatives to problems [1] Identification of alternative resolutions to conflicts SKILL REQUIREMENTS FOR PROGRAM MANAGERSManaging complex programs represents a challenge requiring skills in team building, leadership, conflict resolution, technical expertise, planning, organization, entrepreneurship, administration, management support, and the allocation of resources. This section examines these skills relative to program management effectiveness. A key factor to good program performance is the program manager's ability to integrate personnel from many disciplines into an effective work team. To get results, the program manager must relate to (1) the people to be managed, (2) the task to be done,(3) the tools available, (4) the organizational structure, and (5) the organizational environment, including the customer community. With an understanding of the interaction of corporate organization and behavior elements, the manager can build an environment conducive to the working team's needs. The internal and external forces that impinge on the organization of the project must be reconciled to mutual goals. Thus the program manager must be both socially and technically aware to understand how the organization functions and how these functions will affect the program organization of the particular job to be done. In addition, the program manager must understand the culture and value system of the organization he is working with. Effective program management is directly related to proficiency in these ten skills:
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